Normative Ethics Society Determines What Moral and...

Normative ethics are those ethical principles and values that are considered morally correct and express principles of good character, actions that are viewed as right rather than wrong and are commonly accepted and reasonable. The prompt in this assignment refers to the requirement of â€Å"the existence of normative† requiring the practice of normative ethics in how individuals and society determine what moral and ethical act or action is correct and acceptable. Normative ethics embraces the philosophical theory of a normal sense of morals and principles that would be proper and acknowledged as positive and good. The prompt also refers to the â€Å"oppressed† fighting a futile or ineffective battle for a mutual ethical relationship. This†¦show more content†¦An example of this is that normative ethics focus on right and wrong, how different cultures and ethnic populations should treat one another, meta-ethics explores the judgment or decision one makes in determining right and wrong and what may influence a group as to their views on racism, ethic culture and social values and applied ethics which encompasses areas of specific controversial subject matter which would include racism and human equality. As one ethic group accepts the cultural, social and racial characteristics of another ethnic group, normative ethics can be established where we as a society should exist with one another, interacting and connecting with each other to reach for moral standards that are favorable to all. Western philosophical ethical theories date back to the times of ancient Greece with concepts on ethics focused on social system values and social behavior and we’re taught by Greek philosophers. A form of racism existed in this ancient time, as people from one ethnic or racial group saw themselves as being superior to other ethnic and racial groups. Early Greek philosophical teachings and beliefs including Aristotle, believed that a ruling cl ass would provide the perfect state of being, this perfect state providing the utmost of moral virtue, the way we should act ethically as opposed to vice being that of immoral ethics. A key focus for Aristotle was his teachings that pursuing happiness in life was the ultimate objective. InShow MoreRelatedDeontology and Utilitarianism Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe the main principles of the two normative ethical theories of deontology and utilitarianism. Compare and contrast the two theories, bringing out any problems or limitations you see in each. INTRODUCTION:- Bioethicists ask these questions in the context of modern medicine and draw on a plurality of traditions, both secular and religious, to help society understand and keep pace with how advances in science and medical technology can change the way we experience the meaning of healthRead MoreNormative Theories Of Ethics And Its Principles2769 Words   |  12 Pages Normative theories of ethics The area of philosophy which is concerned with systematizing, defending and recommendation the concepts of right and wrong is briefly defined as ethics. Thus, ethics can be consider as a set of moral rules practiced by a group of people or community. The origin of word Ethics is greece, derived from the word ‘ethikos’, meaning habit. The theories of ethics and its principles are the standing pillars of ethical analysis. These ethical theories are alwaysRead MoreSimilarities And Contrast Of The Seven Moral Philosophies3772 Words   |  16 PagesCOMPARE AND CONTRAST OF THE MORAL PHILOSOPHIES 13 Running head: COMPARE AND CONTRAST OF THE MORAL PHILOSOPHIES 1 Compare and Contrast of the Seven Moral Philosophies Angela Overmyer, Brickley Nason, Casey Carsten, Elvin Wright, Emily Gatlin, Paige Sherwood, and Summar VandenHeuvel Davenport University BUSN 210 Professor Sharon Romine September 27, 2014 Compare and Contrast of the Seven Moral Philosophies INTRODUCTION One philosopher wrote, Like the wheel, business is one of theRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Human Enhancement2228 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the most prominent ethical issues faced today is that of human enhancement. The ethical issues that occur when looking at the concept of human enhancement are defined by the ideas of â€Å"human nature, personal identity, moral status, well-being, and problems in normative ethics, political philosophy, philosophy of mind, and epistemology† (Savulescu, 2) There are a plethora of ways in which human enhancement can become an issue in every profession such as sports, marketing, and any job that requiresRead MoreHCM 420 Mastery Exercises Essay2181 Words   |  9 Pagesidentified 7 stages of moral development. a. False 3. True or false? Rawls view of social justice includes people making choices to protect those who are in a lesser position in society. a. True 4. True or false? The application of the principle of nonmaleficence is not restricted to patient treatment. a. True 5. True or false? Fidelity means keeping your word to others and, in ethics, fidelity fits into the Buber View. a. False 6. True or false? Beneficence is a principle of ethics that assumes thatRead MoreTaking a Look at Euthanasia1733 Words   |  7 Pagescontinues to be the subject to moral, legal, religious and political debates around the world. At the core of debate lies to competing values between the right for every individual to decide to die with dignity when suffering, and the need to uphold the right to life. (Australian Human Rights Commission. 1996) The purpose of this task is to critically analyse the nature and extent of euthanasia and whether assisted suicide should or should not be legalised, corresponding to ethical theories. This essay willRead MoreImportance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline8970 Words   |  36 PagesBusiness Ethics 2. Ethics as an Academic Discipline 3. Importance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline 4. The Case Against Business Ethics Education 5. Conclusion 0.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Question 1: Discuss the importance of Ethics in business as an Academic Discipline. 0.3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In today’s highly competitive, performance-driven business climate, regulations are not enough; professional ethics codes are not enough; the old model of â€Å"business ethics† is notRead MoreBusiness Ethics Test Questions with Answers Essay22425 Words   |  90 Pagesï » ¿Chap 10: 16. Which of the following is true of gatekeepers? a. They are not bound to ethical duties. b. Investors and boards are examples of gatekeepers. c. They serve as intermediaries between market participants. d. They are not responsible for ensuring conformance to fairness in the marketplace. Answer: c 17.  Which of the following rely on gatekeepers for fair and effective functioning of economic markets? a.  Bankers b.  Auditors c.  Accountants d.  Financial analysts Answer: a 18.Read MoreThe Theory Of The Media2438 Words   |  10 Pagesemotivism, and ethnical egoism will depict the actions, responsibly, and goal of the media. Due to the fact that the media extends to millions of people, â€Å"majority rules† is the best way to control how and what is distributed by the media. Utilitarianism is the theory that is based on emotions by supporting the larger group of people, focusing on the outcome. According to Mosser (2013), â€Å"Utilitarianism argues that, given a set of choices, the act we should choose is that which produces the bestRead MoreApplication of Ethical Theories12285 Words   |  50 Pagesof ethical theories in ethical reasoning and behavior within organizations - Research proposal Sigalit Pasternak, Phd student The Faculty of Management Tel Aviv University Supervisor: Dr. Ishak Saporta Introduction Business ethics is a specialized branch of ethics focusing on how moral standards apply to business organizations and behavior (Velasques, 1998). As such, it cannot be understood separately from the general ideas of ethics, and the general ethical theories apply to business ethics as

Persuasive Essay On Same Sex Marriage - 1232 Words

Opposite Sex Marriage The concept of marriage has been around for thousands of years. Marriage is the conjoining of two people who love each other. People get married because they love the other person and can see themselves living together for the rest of their lives. Marriage has always been between man and woman. However, now days people in the same sex want to get married. People do not know what to think about gay marriage, which is why it is a controversial subject in todays culture. People can not quite understand it because marriage between man and women had been happening for years. People dont what to think because opposite sex marriage had been working for so long. So why change something that works just fine? The†¦show more content†¦If letting people have spouses of the same gender helps our economy, why do we not accept them and allow them to get married. Gay marriages also have a positive effect on our society. Murray Lip who is the administer to a Facebook pa ge dedicated to gay marriage in the USA, but who is also a social justice activist wrote the article â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage Benefits Society in Many Ways.† Murray mentions in her article how There are at least seven ways in which the legalization of gay marriage is beneficial for LGBT Americans and the United States of America.† The seven ways include helping with non discrimination in society, promoting family stability, provided economic opportunities and much more. Each of these seven areas helps to promote the equality between all people in society through different aspects of the world. Not only does same sex marriage help the economy and but they also represent a new type of marriage that is just as valid. Marriages is marriage no matter who they marry. One type of marriage is same-sex. Most people do not believe that this marriage can work out. But in reality it can work out just as well as marriage between an opposite sex couple. Sex couples want to have the chance to get married and have the same rights as everyone else. Murray states in her article, â€Å"It is timeShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Same Sex Marriage1368 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is the legal and formal recognition of the union of a man and a woman. This simple definition has been modified several times.In the past, marriage was allowed only through the union of the same race, such as a white male and white female, black male and black female, however, now, it is a battle of allowing the marriage of the same-sex. The fight is not only to help protect rights for same-sex couples, but, also, to interracial couples, who have been experiencing racism and discriminationRead MorePersuasive Essay On Same Sex Marriage776 Words   |  4 Pages The issue of same sex marriage is an arguement that everyone has heard before. Some states, like California, argue incessantly about it; they pass and repeal the same few bills and laws dozens of times before anything gets done. In other countries, Canada for example, it is legal universally. Not allowing same sex marriage is a violation of constitutional law (Gannon). The constitution says that we all have equal rights, yet part of the population isn’t allowed to marry the people they loveRead MorePersuasive Essay: Same Sex Marriage1810 Words   |  8 Pagesbanned same-sex marriage, 5 that allow civil unions between same sex couples, and 6 that allow same-sex marriage, along with DC. However, due to DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act), the federal government does not recognize same-sex marriage in these states. According to the 2010 Census, there were 646,000 same-sex couple households, and 115,064 of those couples have children. Same-sex marriage (also called gay marriage) is a legally or socially recognized marriage between two persons of the same biologicalRead MorePersuasive Speech: Why You Should Oppose Same-Sex Marriage Essay examples1267 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Speech: Same sex marriages General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose Statement: To persuade the audience to agree that same-sex marriages should not be legal Central Idea: The audience will realize the vices and social disorders created by legalization of same sex marriages in order to preserve marital norms INTRODUCTION I. Same sex marriage is a trending topic if not a trendy one. Countries throughout the globe are pressured with the question of homosexuality beingRead MoreMarriage Equality2061 Words   |  9 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most controversial trends that appear in the world today. In today’s society most of us are taught that a marriage should be a union between a man and a woman, as well as, same sex relationships being a sin because it is looked down upon by God. Despite the criticism of gay marriage many states such as Massachusetts, California, New York, and Oregon have made same sex marriage legal. In the fight for gay marriage political essay such as â€Å"Gay â€Å"Marriage†: Societal Suicide†Read More Let Gays Marry and Leave Marriage Alone Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesI will summarize some of the key points from the essay, Let Gays Marry, by Andrew Sullivan, and the essay, Leave Marriage Alone, by William Bennett. Some of these main points are taken from mutual beliefs of both authors and others are derived from the opposing opinions of the two. The first summary of Andrew Sullivan’s essay is a reflection of Andrew Sullivan’s stance of the issue. The original essay was in favor of allowing same sex marriage in America. My summary will dictate some of theRead More Equal Rights for All Essays918 Words   |  4 PagesEqual Rights for All Gay marriage has always been a subject of great controversy. Andrew Sullivan addresses this issue in his persuasive essay entitled â€Å"Let Gays Marry.† Sullivan’s essay appeared in Newsweek in June of 1996. Through his problem/solution structure of this essay, Sullivan uses rhetorical appeals to try and persuade the audience to accept gay marriage as a natural part of life. Sullivan, an editor of The New Republic, also wrote Virtually Normal: An ArgumentRead MoreI have been a student in English Composition II for one semester in which I have learned many700 Words   |  3 Pageswhat my claim is. After the culmination of five essays, three of them have caught my attention the most and in my opinion they show my improvement as a writer. The three essays, which will be forming my portfolio for this semester, dealt with articles from Times magazine and coverage from ABC and FOX news. The topics of my three essays are different , but they all show the relation between the type of claim and how the claim is made. The first essay dealt with the disappearance of the MalaysianRead MoreSame-sex Marriage and Jordan1107 Words   |  5 Pagesequal protection clause that states â€Å"No state shall †¦deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (CITE). Our country was founded on the principle that all people should be treated equally. Everyone should be guaranteed the same freedoms and rights no matter what gender, ethnicity or sexual orientation. One group that has historically and continuously been discriminated against is homosexuals. Author Jeff J ordan in his article â€Å"Is it Wrong to Discriminate on the Basis of HomosexualityRead MoreWhen an author writes a piece of work, they go through several drafts before they feel that their1300 Words   |  6 Pageswriter is grammar. I tend to misuse commas a lot, which on my essays were labeled â€Å"comma splices.† In the first few essays that I wrote, I had a few of these comma splices. For example in my summary essay I wrote, â€Å"Julie spent two years in Indonesia studying and performing, she had become one of the family in the village where she stayed.† That comma should not have been put there. I had the same comma splice problem in my critique essay. I wrote, â€Å"She partook in an experimental problem that only

Disgrace Essay free essay sample

Disgrace by J. M. Coetzee we are introduced to David Lurie, the protagonist and narrator of this novel. David Lurie is a 52 year old divorced man, who lives in Cape Town, South Africa, as a respected romantic poetry professor at a university. His life is full of sexual, non-committed relationships. After being accused of inappropriate behavior with a student, Lurie loses his job at the university and must move in with his daughter, Lucy, in the country. Throughout the novel we see many references to animals, especially in relation to Lurie. Because he is the narrator of the novel, these animal references lead the reader to believe Lurie is describing himself through these animals. Lurie uses descriptions of animals as a way to describe how he feels about himself. We see Lurie go from a sexually charged predator, to a strange beast who has been hunter, to a dog-man, and then finally to a helpless dog who is ready to be put out of his misery. David Lurie is a predator at the beginning of the novel. He is a man searching for sex, and for the most part he is successful at it. His first sexual interest he introduces us to is Soraya, a prostitute who he has been going to see for a long time. Lurie describes them having sex by comparing them to snakes engaged in intercourse, lengthy, absorbed, but rather abstract, rather dry, even at its hottest (Coetzee 5 ). Being the narrator, this shows the reader how David views himself, as well as Soraya, as cold, scary, almost evil, creatures, like snakes. Snakes give off a very negative emotion because they are dangerous animals, and this comparison leads us to believe David too must be a dangerous animal. Soraya eventually tries to cut ties with David, but David being the predator he is cannot let his prey go. He is able to find Soraya’s home phone number and when he calls her she is livid he would cross that line. But then, what should a predator expect when he intrudes into the vixens nest, into the home of her cubs? (Coetzee 10). Soraya is a mother, and feels like David calling her home is going to be a threat to her family, especially her children. The next instance where we see David describing himself as a predator is during his first sexual encounter with his student, Melanie. David is very persistent in sleeping with Melanie, and once he has finally chased her down he describes the experience as like a rabbit when the jaws of the fox close on its neck (Coetzee 25). He is well aware by making this statement that Melanie does not want to be in this situation with him, but he does not care, he has been chasing this prey for too to just let it go. This is not the last time David engages Melanie regardless of her strong reluctance however, and Melanie eventually has enough and reports Lurie to the University where he teaches. David Lurie goes from being the predator, to now being the one who is being chased. He is being chased by the University committee who is investigating David’s indiscretions with Melanie. The committee is described by Lurie as hunters who have cornered a strange beast and do not know how to finish it off. (Coetzee 56). The tables have turned and Lurie is now this strange beast that has been hunted down. David refuses to apologize however, and instead loses his job. Lurie could have simply said sorry for his actions and he would have had a chance to keep his position at the University, but in his mind he did not do anything wrong. He compares himself an old neighbor’s dog, saying that every time a â€Å"bitch† would be in the yard the dog would become so excitable that he could not be controlled. The dog was not allowed to go through with his natural desires, which caused the dog to act strange and just run around the garden â€Å"with its ears flat and its tail between its legs, whining, trying to hide. (Coetzee 69 ). David sees himself in this dog, he is being punished and being told he is not allowed to do something that feels so natural to him. He says that the dog would have preferred to be shot over being denied its natural urges. David chose to be shot (lose his job) when he refuses to express that he did anything wrong by sleeping with Melanie. After losing his job David must go live with his daughter, Lucy, out in the cou ntry. While living with Lucy, David goes through a lot, and through helping take care of her dogs we see a softer side of him through his descriptions of these dogs. â€Å"The dogs are brought to the clinic because they are unwanted,† (Coetzee 146) Lurie says. He cares about the dogs because he too feels unwanted. â€Å"Well, now he has become a dog-man. † (Coetzee 146) David is one with these dogs, abandoned and miserable, unable to live the lives they want to be living. The dogs and David are trapped out in the country on a farm just waiting for the end. David finally does give up and we see this through his decision to put down the dog that he had become very close to, Driepoot, the young dog David has come to feel a particular fondness for (Coetzee 214-215). David had bonded with Driepoot, even signing his Opera to the dog at one point. He felt sorry for Driepoot, he felt very much like the dog. In the end of the novel, by choosing Driepoot to be put down â€Å"a (his, the dog’s) time must come, it cannot be evaded† and carries the dog, â€Å"the one who likes music† (Coetzee 219), to Bev where he will be killed. In the last sentence of the novel David states that he is â€Å"giving him up† (Coetzee 220), which is essentially David stating the he is the one giving up. Like Driepoot, David Lurie is being put out of his misery. David Lurie’s life goes through dramatic changes throughout the novel Disgrace. A once respected professor, he becomes â€Å"a mad old man who sits among the dogs singing to himself. † (Coetzee 218). Lurie uses descriptions of animals as a way to describe how he feels about himself. He goes from a predator whose main focus in life is satisfying his sexual desires, to a man who feels like a ‘strange beast’ that has been hunted by the University. David then turns to his daughter’s farm where he begins working with dogs and we see a softer David Lurie, a man who feels like the abandoned dogs who are waiting for their end to come. By the end of Disgrace we see that David is ready to accept his own end, he wants to be put out of his misery just like he does for the dog he has bonded so much with. Works Cited Coetzee, J. M. Disgrace. New York: Penguin, 1999. Print.

Twitter API Analytics

Abstract Twitter is currently one of the most imperative and powerful social media platforms. Besides, Twitter has become one of the significant new channels for public communications. The studies on the uses of Twitter have emphasized on the isolated and critical events including political and crisis communications, popular culture and events such as sports.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Twitter API Analytics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The studies also center on the applicability of the Twitter’s search stream APIs, which often provide a coordinated keywords prefixed by hashtag ‘#’. Twitter provides a critical degree of data access through its Application Programming Interphase (API) platform. The API is an interface that is designed to be used by Twitter clients. However, the interface can also be applied in tracking current events by other users especially researchers throu gh the use of a specific keyword and hashtag. The Twitter API allows researchers and other users to track and inevitably apprehend tweets with particular hashtags or keywords. Introduction Twitter is currently one of the most imperative and powerful social media platforms. Besides, Twitter has become one of the significant new channels for public communications. The studies on the uses of Twitter have emphasized on the isolated and critical events including political and crisis communications, popular culture and events such as sports. The studies also center on the applicability of the Twitter search stream API, which often provide a coordinated keywords prefixed by hashtags ‘#’. Researchers have used the Twitter’s API platforms to access, analyze and store data. The API is an interface that has been designed to be primarily used by Twitter clients. However, the interface can also be applied in tracking current events by other users especially researchers by cus tomizing specific keyword and hashtags. The Twitter API allows researchers and other users to track and inevitably apprehend tweets with particular hashtags or keywords. In an advanced usage, the API enables third party developers attach novel add-ons to the prevailing services (Lomborg Bechmann, 2014). The API provides interface that allow researchers to gather more information off a particular social media services that can be used for quantitative or qualitative analysis (Lomborg Bechmann, 2014).Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the API provides the real-time data within the social media network such as Twitter (Purohit, Hampton, Shalin, Sheth, Flach Bhatt, 2013). As such, Twitter’s open APIs offers unprecedented opportunity for physicist, linguists, computer and social scientists to study the behaviors of people within the social media pl atform (Kwak, Lee, Park Moon, 2010). In fact, researchers have utilized the Twitter API to study varied human behavior across various disciplines ranging from business management to crisis response, management and communications (Marwick, 2012). The Twitter’s API has been applied by researchers to study various global events. For instance, Bruns, Highfield and Burgess (2013) used the API platform to study the Arab Spring. The API as a Data Collection Tool As indicated, Twitter provides a critical degree of data access through its Application Programming Interphase (API) platform. The APIs platform offered by Twitter allows researchers and other users to track and inevitably apprehend tweets with particular hashtags or keywords (Bruns Burgess, 2012). The increased accessibility of Twitter’s information through the use of its API platform has enabled researchers to conduct studies on various aspects of human behavior patterns. Increased novel applications of Twitterâ⠂¬â„¢s API has been developed recently (Naaman, Boase Lai, 2010). In fact, Twitter has allowed researchers in the fields of healthcare simulations as well as in education to share most relevant information through the application of specialized tools within the API platform. The capability has enabled the fields to conduct studies on various fast evolving events. Such kinds of studies are made possible due to the simplicity of the Twitter’s API (Shi, Rui Whinston, 2014). Given the simplicity of the Twitter’s API, the popularity of diverse web-page application has increased (Bagley, 2012). Such web-page applications have provided value-added services to the Twitter users. For instance, Twuffer web application allows Twitter users to schedule tweets for future dates. Twidentify is also another web-based Twitter search engine that allows users to examine tweets through the use of keywords. Such tools are normally applied in the API platform and enables researchers to ea sily follow trends on a particular event through the application of keywords or certain words prefixed by the hashtag (Humphreys, Gill Krishnamurthy, 2014).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Twitter API Analytics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Twitter API uses three ways of searching through the application of keywords. One of the methods is the trend search, which allows researchers to track the popularity of the keywords over a particular time (Yardi Boyd, 2010). The second method is the basic Twitter search that tends to track people who utilize the keywords on their tweets and re-tweets. The final method is the search on influence. The data from the searches are normally sorted in tweets and re-tweets. Such information is provided in diverse formats including time series graphs. The trend search, basic Twitter search and the search on influence form the foundation of various models researchers have utilized to study innumerable behaviors and events patterns on Twitter (Humphreys, 2011). Researchers utilize various tools to collect and analyze the information, which are then customized into a single timeframe and serve various functions including comparisons to the statistics of different studies. The Opportunities and Challenges in the Application of APIs Lomborg and Bechmann (2014) argued that APIs enables social media researchers to have an easy access of data particularly from the social media companies. Essentially, the APIs enables third party developers attach novel add-ons to the prevailing services. The APIs provide interface that allow researchers to gather more information off a particular social media services that can be used for quantitative or qualitative analysis (Lomborg Bechmann, 2014). APIs as a research tool offers significant opportunities for the studies that are either qualitative or quantitative. The API platform allows easy automation of data col lection, analysis and storage (Lomborg Bechmann, 2014). The cleaning and storage of data are also conducted sequentially and automatically. Combined with other web-based digital research tools, the data accessibility are traced to their usage patterns in greater detail more than what other data collection methods such as interviews and surveys provide. Through the use of API, the data collection is prompt and nonintrusive (Lomborg Bechmann, 2014). How Various Researchers have used API as the Data Collection Method The API platform has been used widely by various researchers to study a wide range of correlations on particular sub-sets of human behaviors and events patterns within Twitter. For instance, Boyd and Crawford (2012) examined how large volumes of data can be mined, evaluated and stored through the application of API tools.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Misopoulos, Mitic, Kapoulas and Karapiperis (2014) applied the Twitter API tools to examine the trends in customer behaviors and experiences in the airline industry. Further, Mooney, Winstanley and Corcoran (2011) also examined how API offered by Twitter can be used to evaluate environmental issues. Moreover, Bruns and Burgess (2012) examined innovative approaches applied by researchers to collect and analyze large quantity of data from Twitter. In their study, the researchers outlined the manner in which Twitter is applied in covering the main events with emphasis on the use of hashtags, which are the keywords that identify a tweet as critical in an ongoing discussion. Twitter provides a critical degree of data access through its Application Programming Interphase (API) platform. While API is an interface that is designed to be predominantly used by Twitter clients, it can also be applied in tracking current events by other users (Bruns Burgess, 2012). The limitations on such proc esses are comparatively low and the tools for such examinations are provided to the researchers. Researchers can apply various API tools that are readily available including yourTwapperKeeper (yTK) to access data (Bruns Burgess, 2012). With minor modifications in order to make data export improvements, the yTK is normally applied to track a significant number of keywords on particular events spontaneously. The increased processing and assessments of the collected data sets discloses numerous significant patterns. Numerous approaches of data analysis are also available to the researchers (Bruns Burgess, 2012). The network analysis and visualization, statistical packages and data-processing software are available to the researchers. The researchers would apply these data processing tools depending on the variables under the study as well as the methodology (Bruns Burgess, 2012).Further, API has been found to provide the real-time data within the social media network. Purohit et al. (2013) applied the Twitter streaming API to provide the real-time information from the tweet collections. Through the use of the Twitter search API, the researchers are capable of selecting conversational tweets in one response based on the keyword feed preceded by the hashtag. Using the keyword-based method, the Twitter search API is capable of providing a bout 1500 recent tweets in a single response while eliminating tweets from private users. The search query is capable of providing the related metadata including the timestamp, location and the details of the author. The API can be applied to study the topological characteristics of Twitter and its capability as a novel medium through which people share information. The API can be used to collect information on the user profile, trending topics and the tweet messages.  The researchers can use various analytical tools including network, ranking and trending analyses to examine the attributes of Twitter. The study on the topolog ical characteristics of Twitter was first conducted by Kwak et al. (2010). The study conducted by Kwak et al. (2010) formed the foundation on which other studies using the API as a method of data collection to examine the attributes of other social media networks are based. The Twitter’s API offer unprecedented opportunity for both physical and social scientists to study the behaviors of people within the social media platform (Kwak et al., 2010). Researchers have also used API to store and analyze data for real-time applications. Kumar, Morstatter and Liu (2013) explored how information from Twitter can be collected, stored and analyzed. In fact, Kumar et al. (2013) examined the collection of Twitter information through its free APIs and the manner in which such information can be stored for real-time applications. Various measures and algorithms can be applied in the analysis of data sets from various social media networks (Kumar et al., 2013)  The free Twitter API is a c ritical data collection tool that has led to the development and application of studies in diverse areas including humanitarian assistance and disaster relief and management. Disaster relief and management as well as the humanitarian assistance are areas that have been widely benefitted from Twitter information to increase awareness to the crisis situation (Kumar et al., 2013). Through the application of free Twitter APIs, the researchers can accurately predict the occurrences of major disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis by identifying the relevant users to follow in order to acquire the disaster related information (Kumar et al., 2013). The Twitter’s API has been widely used to study disasters and major events across the globe. For instance, Murthy and Longwell (2013) applied the Twitter API to examine how users tweeted and re-tweeted during the Pakistan floods. In their study, the researchers examined the tweets and re-tweets links between the traditional and social media and in which countries the most tweets are from as well as relationship between the location and the traditional versus social media. The use of API normally follows similar procedures. The only differences are the methods of analysis and the subject of the study (Murthy Longwell, 2013). The studies by Kumar et al. (2013) as well as Murthy and Longwell (2013) provided instances where the researches on the applicability of social media in relation to disaster events have grown over the past years covering a wide range of sites and procedures. The ongoing researches such as those conducted by Kumar et al. (2013) as well as Murthy and Longwell (2013) on the use of API have centered on Twitter use as a critical turning point in increasing awareness as well as a measure through which such problems can be mitigated. The uses of Twitter in covering most of the disastrous stories legitimize the site as a journalistic space ((Murthy Longwell, 2013). As such, researchers including Kum ar et al. (2013) as well as Murthy and Longwell (2013) have concentrated their studies on how users tend to tweet and re-tweet in order to examine the trends, which remain critical information in predicting the major global events.  The volume of data also affects the manner API is used in the studies. For instance, Murthy and Longwell (2013) collected their Twitter data through the accessibility of Twitter search API stream during the time when the text string â€Å"Pakistan† was most active. Given the large volume of data, the researchers applied the Social Network Analysis (SNA) to scrutinize the data and come up with the relationships under the study. Through various analytical models researchers can come up with varied patterns on data.The ongoing application of Twitter API on main events has emphasized on single cases (Bruns Stieglitz, 2012). The comparative studies on the dynamics of patterns on numerous events are deficient. Few comparative studies have resulted in to new discrete discussions. For instance, in their comparative study on the dynamics and patterns of large number communication events on Twitter, Bruns and Stieglitz (2012) identified various discrete forms of deliberations that can be witnessed on Twitter. Through the use of a wide range of communication metrics, Bruns and Stieglitz (2012) indicated that diverse types of tools available to Twitter users can be influenced by thematic and contextual factors. The study by Bruns and Stieglitz (2012) is an example of an analytical view of the inclusive metrics of the Twitter discussions from various contents. Further, the studies on the uses of Twitter through the application of its API have emphasized on the isolated and critical events including political and crisis communications, popular culture as well as events such as sports (Bruns Stieglitz, 2013). The studies also center on the applicability of the Twitter search stream API, which often provide a coordinated keywords with ha shtag ‘#’ placed in front of the word (Bruns Stieglitz, 2013). However, such studies are deficient of standard metrics that can be used to relate message arrangements across the cases and events under the study (Bruns Stieglitz, 2013). While addressing these problems of the API methodology in their study, Bruns and Stieglitz (2013) provided an index of extensively applied homogeneous metrics for scrutinizing Twitter-based communications with central focus on exchanges that emphasize a particular hashtag. The researchers presented the importance of such indices in comparing communication patterns and the extent to which the use of such metrics can attain in comparing communication exchanges.  While most Twitter studies emphasize on the detection of events through the application of algorithms that depends on keywords and the capacity of tweets on that particular events, an alternative analysis of tweets also occurs (Graves, McDonald Goggins, 2014). Graves et al. (20 14) looked at the occurrence of alternative analysis through the use of low-volume data. Instead of using high-density tweets, the researchers analyzed low-volume tweets based on keywords though not linked to spikes in tweets-per-minute. The events Graves et al. (2014) studied are not readily detected by the current API event-detection algorithm, which depend on the tweet volume to drive the analytical engine. The study by Graves et al. (2014) demonstrated that there are various ways in which Twitter can be conceptualized through the application of theories integrated within the study. Challenges and Limitations on the use of Twitter API The applicability of API as a method of data collection has several limitations (Metzger, 2014). API is not only acting as a barrier in information gathering due to privacy precautions, but also in terms of the applicable tools (Metzger, 2014). Bruns and Stieglitz (2012) indicated that thematic and contextual factors influence the application of the tools available to the Twitter’s API users. The limitations affect the academic researchers that wholly depend on tracking the current events and activities as well as thematic interests of large and representative samples of Twitter users (Bruns Burgess, 2012).  The use of the digital footprint in the data collection, analysis and storage also present various issues (Lomborg Bechmann, 2014). In other words, applying web-based tools combined with APIs platform is deficient in terms of generalization of data. Researchers have always resented on the generalization of data through the use of digital platforms. Lomborg and Bechmann (2014) presented significant procedural deliberations of the prospects and problems linked to both qualitative and empirical social media studies through the application of the APIs. Generally, wide-ranging methodological issues should be taken into consideration while gathering and evaluating data through the application of the APIs. Further, it is critical to examine the effects of legal and moral implications of empirical studies that apply APIs as a data collection method (Lomborg Bechmann, 2014). Issues related to generalization, reliability and validity of data collected through the use of APIs are often emerging. The use of content is also vcevolving as a critical legal and ethical issue while applying APIs as a data collection method in the empirical studies (Lomborg Bechmann, 2014). Moreover, the information available through API is partial unless one is a third-party API provider. The restrictions on the use of APIs affect the academic studies that wholly depend on tracking the current events and activities as well as thematic interests of large and representative samples of Twitter users (Bruns Burgess, 2012). The applications of tools are also influenced by various factors including cost constraints, security and accessibility. While information from Twitter can easily be obtained through APIs, the API as a da ta collection method has various challenges that must be observed. According to Kumar et al. (2013), the Twitter streaming API provides about 1% of the sampled Twitter data. As such, care should be taken while conducting studies from information collected from the streaming Twitter API. Conclusion The studies of events and human behaviors on Twitter through the application of APIs have taken various forms and procedures. The APIs enables social media researchers to have an easy access to data particularly from the social media companies such as Twitter and Facebook. In essence, APIs interface enables third-party users to attach novel add-ons to the prevailing services. The APIs provides interface that allow researchers to gather more information off a particular social media services that can be used for quantitative or qualitative analysis. In this discussion, it has been shown that the research tool has been applied to study events that range from the crisis to business management on Twitter. However, the use of the tool has various deficiencies that should be considered while conducting the studies on the social network. References Bagley, C. A. (2012). Chapter 6 embracing Twitter as a research tool. Library and Information Science, 5, 131-147. Boyd, D. Crawford, K. (2012). Critical questions for big data. Information, Communication Society, 15(5), 662-679. Bruns, A. Burgess, J. (2012). Researching news discussion on Twitter. Journalism Studies, 13(5-6), 801-814. Bruns, A. Stieglitz, S. (2012). Quantitative approaches to comparing communication patterns on Twitter. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 30(3-4), 160-185. Bruns, A. Stieglitz, S. (2013) Towards more systematic Twitter analysis: metrics for tweeting activities. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(2), 91-108. Bruns, A., Highfield, T. Burgess, J. (2013). The Arab Spring and its social media audiences: English and Arabic Twitter users and their networks. Queensland, A ustralia: ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation, Queensland University of Technology. Graves, I., McDonald, N. Goggins, S. P. (2014). Sifting signal from noise: A new perspective on the meaning of tweets about the â€Å"big game†. New Media Society, 1(1), 1-20. Humphreys, L. (2011). Who’s watching whom? A study of interactive technology and surveillance. Journal of Communication, 61, 575–595. Humphreys, L., Gill, P. Krishnamurthy, B. (2014). Twitter: a content analysis of personal information. Information, Communication Society, 17(7), 843-857. Kumar, S., Morstatter, F. Liu. H. (2013). Twitter data analytics. New York, NY: Springer Kwak, H., Lee, C., Park, H. Moon, S. (2010). What is Twitter, a social network or a news media? World Wide Web Conference Committee, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. Lomborg, S. Bechmann, A. (2014). Using APIs for data collection on social media. The Information Society: An International Journal, 30(4), 2 56-265. Marwick, A. E. (2012). The public domain: Social surveillance in everyday life. Surveillance and Society, 9(4), 378–393. Metzger, M. (2014). Privacy, trust, and disclosure: Exploring barriers to electronic commerce. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 9(4), 335–361. Misopoulos, F., Mitic, M., Kapoulas, A. Karapiperis, C. (2014).Uncovering customer service experiences with Twitter: the case of airline industry. Management Decision, 52(4), 705-723. Mooney, P., Winstanley. A. C. Corcoran, P. (2011). Evaluating Twitter for use in environmental awareness campaigns. Web. Murthy, D. Longwell, S. A. (2013). Twitter and disasters. Information, Communication Society, 16(6), 837-855. Naaman, M., Boase, J. Lai, C. (2010). Is it really about me? Message content in social awareness streams. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University, School of Communication and Information. Purohit, H., Hampton, A., Shalin, V. L., Sheth, A. P., Flach, J. Bhatt, S. (2013). What kind of #conversation is Twitter? Mining #psycholinguistic cues for emergency coordination. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2438–2447. Shi, Z., Rui, H. Whinston, A. B. (2014). Content sharing in a social broadcasting environment: evidence from Twitter. MIS Quarterly, 38(1), 123-142. Yardi, S. Boyd, D. (2010). Dynamic debates: an analysis of group polarization over time on Twitter. Bulletin of Science Technology Society, 30(5), 316–327. This research paper on Twitter API Analytics was written and submitted by user Sara L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Religious Views on Satan

Religious Views on Satan Free Online Research Papers In John Milton’s Satan shows a great deal of leadership throughout the book. There are many things that Satan says and does to get out of hell and becomes a leader. Satan can persuade many people to follow him. When Satan says So he with difficulty and labour hard Movd on, with difficulty and labour hee; But hee once past, soon after when man fell, Strange alteration! Sin and Death amain Following his track, such was the will of. He states that he is moving on and just got out of hell and now explaining heaven. Now he is going to earth to get revenge. Machiavelli shows this when he says He must therefore keep his mind ready to shift as he winds and tides of Fortune turn, and as I have already said, he ought not to quit good courses if he can help it, but should know how to follow evil courses if he must Machiavelli is saying that you got to know how to follow the good courses but then also know when to get revenge and be evil. We sunk thus low? Th ascent is easie then; Th event is feard; should we again provoke Our stronger, some worse way his wrath may find To our destruction: if there be in Hell Fear to be worse destroyd: what can be worse. Satan is saying that they have fallen so far to hell and they already have failed so what could happen that could be worse. They should have nothing to fear if they already have sunk to their lowest point. Machiavelli saysNevertheless he ought to be slow to believe and to act, nor should he himself show fear, but proceed in a temperate manner with prudence and humanity, so that too much confidence may not make him incautious and too much distrust render him intolerable. Machiavelli and Satan both are saying you should not fear anything. Machiavelli is always saying that its always better to be a leader than a follower and when Satan says To reign is worth ambition though in Hell: Better to reign in Hell, then serve in Heavn he is saying that it is better to reign in hell than serve in heaven. This quote is similar to what Machiavelli is always trying to say. Machiavelli and Satan say many of things that are similar and different. Mostly they are trying to say you should never be feared, know when to be evil or good, and its better to be a leader than a follower. They both show good leadership skills in many different ways but can be compared to. Research Papers on Religious Views on SatanHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind TravelBringing Democracy to AfricaWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameStandardized TestingTwilight of the UAW

The Place of Media in the Public Sphere

The Place of Media in the Public Sphere The public sphere as a concept always has to take into account the freedom enjoyed by a people such that they can share their ideas or thoughts and learn or access other views (Gastil 2007, 18). This process necessarily also consists of or results in the formation of public opinion (Dahlgren 2005, 148).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Place of Media in the Public Sphere specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Dahlgren (2005, 148) the public sphere consists of and is guaranteed by three dimensions i.e. â€Å"structure, representation and interaction†. The impact of the net on the public sphere is a given reality and can not be the question. Dahlgren (2005, 149) asserts that with the coming of the Net, â€Å"the sprawling character of the public sphere becomes all the more accentuated†. One of the challenges or problems identified with the traditional media is the shift from serious del iberation on political matters to more focus on entertainment and life style issues. This trend is commonly known as Tabloidization. Tabloidization and other problems associated with traditional media are as a result of cutting edge competition amongst media houses. According to Harsin (2006, 89), â€Å"corporate mergers have increased the pressure towards speed and expanding viewer – and readership, and the demand for ever increasing profit†. As competition between media houses increased, another shift towards combining serious information with entertainment happened. For example, a given serious message that needs public attention is programmed to run as an interlude between episodes in a popular soap. Due to the strong control many governments and elites had over traditional media, the media was largely a propaganda tool. Propaganda was possible because access and interaction between consumers was not possible.Advertising Looking for research paper on commun ications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example in the Arab world, due to state control over traditional media, Rinnawi (2002, 2) states that â€Å"there are hardly any opportunities for the participation of the media consumers, the public or for any deviation from the mainstream ideas or opinions held by the ruling elite†. The United States of America is the beacon of democracy in the world; however, its traditional media does not escape from being used as a propaganda tool. Harsin (2002, 2) states, â€Å"The strategic use and (sometimes) careless circulation of rumor characterizes the current climate of American news media and politics†. The manipulation or distortion of truth or reduction of public communication to mere appeals to emotion is undemocratic (Harsin, 2006, 86). As Rinnawi (2002, 2) elaborates, traditional media in Arab countries aim at perpetuated an ethno-national identity as oppos ed to providing progressive communication. The governments use the media to promote its view points and criticism that only serves to cement or give credence to government view points (Rinnawi 2002, 3). ). In such like a scenario, the public sphere is reduced or is virtually non-existent. The New Media was acclaimed by many as being the solution to the challenges or problems of the traditional media. The internet has in an enormous way opened new freedoms to the general public (Rinnawi, 1). Through the internet, dissenting opinions find a place or a channel. Blogs have become a sort of â€Å"alternative Citizen Journalism† where individuals keep the rest informed on given issues (Cammaerts 2008, 1). In the case of the Arab world, citizens are able to share about issues and openly criticize the regimes; a taboo in the traditional media channels. The internet, therefore, it has been proved, creates a new public sphere (Rinnawi 2002, 4). This new public sphere is more multi-face ted than one relying on traditional media (Dahlgren, 2005, 153).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Place of Media in the Public Sphere specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although there are those who think that the impact of the internet on democracy is minimal, the rise of such phenomenon as e-democracy, e-government and e-politics in general is a good indicator of the transformational properties of the Net (Dahlgren 2005, 155). As Rinnawi (2003, 20) found out from his research, â€Å"a huge gap remains in the level of criticism towards the Arab regime and the other elites in particular, existing in the internet but almost non-existent in the Diaspora Media.† This assertion goes along way in asserting the revolutionary role of the internet. The assertion by Rinnawi is confirmed by Cammaerts (2008, 3) when he says that, â€Å"these media offer citizens new opportunities to engage or participate indep endently and critically in the (online) public sphere†. The New Media has not totally subverted the problems identified with the traditional media (Kaid 2004, 58). While in traditional media the producers manipulate information, in the New Media, both producer and consumer have capacity to manipulate information (Gastil 2007, 78). The New Media poses a challenge of people insulating themselves. Due to technological advances, individuals are able to choose what they want through filtering the information that reaches them (Sunsetin 2002, 1). The capacity to filter easily generates or creates groups that only access information of a given kind. Some groups are only interested in politics and thus access only political information. Some others are only interested in religion, ethnicity, nationality, age wealth or other convictions (Sunsetin 3). Balkanization of society across those lines is a possibility as a result of consumer capacity to filter what kind of information reaches them. Sunsetin (2002, 212) indicates that the problem of self insulation was identified by the early thinkers on democracy. Both Stuart Mill and John Dewey argued that individuals and society at large can only progress if it is open to information from others.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Self insulation is not such a big problem because â€Å"the internet’s public sphere is networked† (Dahlgren 2005, 152). A networked public sphere means that there is more interconnection between individuals and societies than otherwise (Guidry, Michael Zald 2000, 127). The level of participation in politics has increased as per research carried out in Greece, Netherlands and Britain (Dahlgren 2005, 156). Although people are sharing ideas widely, the challenge of clustering and group polarization still remains (Sunsetin 2002, 213). There is wide formation of enclaves (in-groups with tight interests that may be of no interest to the wider community) among internet users. The formation of in-groups has its advantages and disadvantages. On one hand it enables further interaction between minorities thus sharpening their approaches at advocating for their special interest in the wider community. A good example is the surfers against sewage studied by Wheaton. Wheaton (281) indicates that Surfers against Sewage (SAS) was one of the groups that had risen in Britain; this group represented a ‘form of lifestyle politics’. There has been a shift from traditional empowerment politics to life politics (Wheaton 2007, 285). In the modern world, politics is general changing towards more focus on lifestyle challenges faced by given small groups (Wheaton 2007, 282). These groups employ new media capacities, creating sub cultural media, towards mobilizing support for their causes in the wider society (Wheaton 2007, 287). SAS is a good example of an in-group that uses common interest to push for a good that could be termed as a common good. Unfortunately, some enclaves only promote group polarization or may lead to balkanization of society (Sunsetin 2002, 214). Dahlgren (2005, 152), also assert that the internet has not escaped the ills of traditional media. Like in the traditional media, â€Å"consumerism, entertainment, non political networking and chat† are the key features of the internet (Dahlgren 2005, 152). In concurrence, Cammaerts also points out that the prime sites belong to the market controllers in the traditional media. Although the internet â€Å"was initially based on strict non-profit philosophy, its recent history has shown that market forces have established themselves as the hegemonic paradigm of the internet† (Cammaerts 2008, 9). Elites, corporate and government functionaries dominate the media and are the opinion setter in most issues of public concern. The politicians of today, guided by the New Media values are only keen on dramatization and appealing to emotions (Harsin 2006, 97). With the New Media, the focus, especially of politicians, is on speed and branding rather than deliberations (Starr 2004, 101). Their messages are not aimed at discourse or deliberation on issues but rather hardening positions of given niche groups. These are scenario is akin to the challenge of Tabloidization and propaganda faced by traditional media. Politics is more geared towards response to niche groups, which often push for selfish interests that do not have a really impact or significance to the general public. Such politics does not challenge the broader social issues that need societal attention (Wheaton 2007, 289) Group polarization due to like minded people finding their own enclave has a likelihood of degenerating social stability if the group does not have the common good as their goal (Kaid 2004, 114). The new media has made it easy for extremists to identify each other and share their otherwise warped ideas or scheme towards terrorizing the general public (Kaid 2004, 114). The other problem with the new media is the security concerns and lack of information management structures. The new media has made it possible for anybody to spread hoaxes and false information. Harsin (2006, 88) gives the example of hoaxes spread about John Kerry during the 2004 presidential campaigns in t he US. He argues that rumor has become so entrenched that websites have been set up to establish facts from rumors (Harsin 2006, 88). Despite the mentioned problems, the new media has generally helped individuals to communicate and learn different opinions or views. This is good for society for it creates a sort of global citizenship or understanding in the general public (Sunsetin 2002, 215). However, some areas due to the digital divide are not yet benefiting from the New Media (Gastil 2007, 94).The case of SAS proves the pivotal role of the new media in driving public opinion. Wheaton (2007, 292) indicates that â€Å"while the mass media did play a pivotal role in exposing and communicating SAS’s message, for committed water sport enthusiasts such as surfers and windsurfers, the greatest exposure to SAS and its activities was via its subcultural media†. Many challenges in the modern world are of global nature (Wheaton 2007, 295). Price (2009, 580) indicates that the re are many non government actors, non governmental organizations and transnational advocacy networks that are tackling issues of global magnitude. The public sphere is no longer state confined but rather encompasses the whole globe. Due to globalization, multinationals have great force or power in host countries. Globalization could also be credited with growth of transnational civil societies (Price 2009, 581). Globalization is New Media driven; it is the internet and other faster communication and transport technologies that have led to the globalization phenomenon (Cammaerts Van Audenhove, 2005, 181). The forces of globalization especially the new media, have given rise to the notion of transnational citizenships (Cammaerts Van Audenhove, 2005, 183). For a transnational civil society to form, individuals have to find a way of rallying international interest into an issue (Price 2009, 583). Most activist groups aim at local issues like a given company polluting the neighborhood ; however, most are informed by the global dimensions of the challenge. For example, pollution has global ramification if viewed in the context of global warming. Most internet forums, as related by Cammaerts and Van Audenhove (2005, 190)’s analysis, are of international appeal or nature. Most local activists thrive due to having support linkages with other activities across the globe (Price 2009, 594). The challenge and dilemma to be tackled in relation to the new media is how to balance free choice needs of individuals, public integration and stem information cocoons (Dahlgren 2005, 158). There is need for public forums as a way of exposing people to information they would not seek if left on their own (Sunsetin 2002, 217). Government intervention in the new media is as relevant as is the case in traditional media. Cammaerts argues that censorship and threats from fellow internet users undermine the freedoms of the internet (Cammaerts 2008, 16). However, that does not wash away the need for some form of regulation. There is need for some form of regulation, to ensure the balance between free choice and proper interaction between different actors is achieved (Sunsetin 2002, 218). The challenge for any society is creating proper laws for free expression and a culture that promotes freedom (Sunsetin 2002, 222). Reference List Cammaerts, Bart. 2008. Critical Reflection on the Participative Nature of Blogs. London: London School of Economics and Political Sciences Cammaerts, Bart and Van Audenhove, Lee. 2005. ‘Online Political Debate, Unbounded Citizenship and the Problematic Nature of a Transnational Public Sphere’, Political Communication 22(2) Dahlgren, Peter. 2005). ‘the Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation’, Political Communication 22(2) Gastil, John. 2007. Political Communication and Deliberation. New York: SAGE Publications Guidry A. John, Kennedy D. Michael, Zald N. Mayer. 2000 . Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere  Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2000 Harsin, Jayson. ‘The Rumour Bomb: Theorizing the Convergence of New and Old Trends in Mediated US Politics’. Southern Review: Communication, Politics Culture; Volume 39, Issue 1; 2006 Kaid, Lynda, Lee. 2004. Handbook of Political Communication Research. New York: Routledge Sunsetin, Cass. 2002. Republic.com. Princeton: Princeton University Press Price Richard. ‘Transnational Civil Society and Advocacy in World Politics’. World politics, Vol 55 No. 4. Cambridge University Press. Accessed from http//:www.jstor.org/stable/24054239 Rinnawi Khallil. 2002. The Internet and the Arab World AS A Virtual Public Sphere. Accessed from  cmsprod.bgu.ac.il/NR/rdonlyres/E1D4CA76-9BEF-49A3/Rinnawi.pdf Starr Paul. 2004. The Creation of the Media: Political Origins of Modern Communications. Kansas: Basic Books Wheaton, Belinda. 2007. I dentity, Politics, and the Beach: Environmental Activism in Surfers against Sewage. Vol 2. UK: Routledge

Psychology of Exercise & Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Psychology of Exercise & Health - Essay Example Approximately 2 million deaths every year are attributable to physical inactivity; and preliminary findings from a WHO study on risk factors suggest that sedentary lifestyle is one of the ten leading causes of death and disability in the world. Physical inactivity increases all causes mortality, doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and obesity. It also increases the risks of colon and breast cancer, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, osteoporosis, depression and anxiety." (World Health Organization 2002) The transtheoretical model (TTM) of behaviour change, developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, is a model of intentional behaviour change which focuses on the decision making of the individual. Originally designed to describe changes in addictive behaviour, the TTM has expanded to include the adoption of preventive health behaviours and the use of medical services (Burkholder & Evers, 2002). In the early 1990s, Marcus and others applied the TTM to exercise behaviour (Marcus, Selby et al., 1992). Since then, several researchers have used the TTM to develop exercise interventions. The TTM suggests that people do not change all at once, rather they move through a series of five stages toward behaviour change. There are three pre-action stages and two action stages, each defined by a temporal component related to the behaviour change. People in the first stage of pre-contemplation are not exercising and have no intention to exercise. In contemplation, people intend to exercise in the distant future, beginning sometime in the next 6 months. Preparation is the third stage where people intend to begin to exercise sometime in the next 30 days. The next stage, action, occurs when the person begins to exercise for at least 1 day to 6 months. In the stage of maintenance, the person has been exercising consistently for at least 6 months. The transtheoretical model proposes a set of constructs that are thought to influence movement through stages of change. These constructs include self-efficacy, decisional balance, and the processes of change. Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capability to engage successfully in a specific behaviour. Decisional balance is the evaluation of the pros and cons of engaging in the target behaviour. The processes of change are the cognitive and behavioural strategies used for changing behaviour and moving through the five identified stages: consciousness raising; dramatic relief; environmental re-evaluation; self re-evaluation and social liberation. Decisional balance, an analysis of the pros and cons of the behaviour change, is believed to influence exercise behaviour. Based on the work of Janis and Mann (1977), perceived costs and benefits to oneself and significant others influence behaviour change. Pros tend to increase to action and level off, while cons decrease with movement to each subsequent stage. Most of the evidence for exercise indicates that the crossover occurs during the preparation stage, which is consistent with several other behaviours. Prochaska and DiClemente identified 10 basic processes or strategies people

Employment law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employment law - Essay Example This could also be held to be unreasonable behavior. A general rule has been set out in the case of General Billposting Co Ltd v Atkinson1 it was held that there may be instances where an employer has behaved so badly towards an employee that the employee can treat his employment contract as if it is at an end. When this is the case, the employer may not be able to impose any post termination restrictive covenant on the employee, because the contract has been ended as a result of the employer’s own fault, hence he will not have the right to demand that the employee adhere to any conditions post employment. Thus, on this basis, Ali has grounds to contest the sudden change in the contract that has been made by Balmoral. It must also be noted that there may have been certain terms implied in Ali’s original contract, such as the duty of an employee not to work for competitors, even during off duty hours, as also stated in the cases of Hivac Ltd v Park Royal Scientific Instruments Ltd2and Provident Financial Group plc v Hayward.3 Ali’s original contract with Balmoral would have already included the implicit restriction on working for competitors, therefore the grounds for Balmoral instituting a new contract may itself be subject to dispute. In general, once an employment contract has been entered into with an employee, an employer may not change the terms without first obtaining the consent of the employee.4 Unless the original contract Ali had with Balmoral allows the flexibility of changing contractual terms, Balmoral will be required to follow the correct procedure and offer the terms to Ali, who is at liberty to accept or reject them. Balmoral’s dismissal of Ali on the grounds of refusal to accept new terms may give rise to grounds for a breach of contract. Even assuming that the new contract was deemed necessary after the recent incidences of poaching staff, it will be difficult for

Interesting Types of Smells to Dogs Essay Example for Free

Interesting Types of Smells to Dogs Essay Canine dogs have a particular advanced sense of smell that is even more developed than humans. Dogs, in any breed, have scenting organ located in its mouth that transmits necessary information to the dog’s brain. This ability enables dogs to detect even the slightest scent in the environment. In contrast with human who has only about five million scent receptors, dogs have about 200 million that surpasses the ability of humans to detect different scents available in the environment. Dog’s nose has moisture that enables them to trap scent molecules that enables it to discriminate different scents. (Anonymous, 2007) One particular interesting scent to dogs is urine. To dogs, urine scent is like a fingerprint among humans. It embodies different information which includes the sex and age. Dogs that sniff trees, electric poles, and fire hydrants are gathering information by reading the other scents left by dogs. The urine of an in heat female dog for example contains pheromones than dogs that are out of season. (Anonymous, 2007) Other scent signals includes the anal glands, stool and saliva which all contains olfactory information that dogs are very interested to get a hold of. That is why dogs who are introduced to other new dogs are keen to smell the back ends to get information on another dogs’ age, sex and relationship. Even the scents of other dogs reveal its confidence and social status among other dogs. Another interesting scent to dogs is human scent. Dogs are able to distinguish human scent due to the remnants of skin cells and human tissue particles. (Anonymous, 2003)With the help of the dog’s memory, dog remembers the different smell of people introduced to them. A particular kind is the smell of a dog’s owner. It conveys a sense of comfort and safety for the dogs to remember of its owner. Body odor enables dogs to detect the mood of people. Some researchers determined that â€Å"happy tears† contains different chemicals than â€Å"angry tears†, and experts believe dogs can determine the difference. Perfume, cigarette smoke, deodorant, and other odors that linger on skin and clothing, combine to make up a person’s individual smell. Dogs can be sometimes confused when its owner for example, changes some of the odors it primarily has. (Kryptiks) Dogs can be turned off by odors unappealing to them. Citrus smells, such as lime, lemon and orange, and spicy smells like red pepper can turn dogs off. (Kryptiks) Particularly dogs hate citronella which is often used in products that are used to keep dogs away from certain areas. Often times, the odors that people hate are the most interesting to dogs. Trash is a main example that dogs love to smell. Dogs are also particular with their food that is why veterinarians advise owners to heat the dog’s food before serving to boost the aroma that enables dogs to discriminate the scent it produces. (Kryptiks)

Essay --

The Gettysburg Address In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln was asked to say a few words at the opening of a military cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Gettysburg stood as one of the bloodiest battles in America’s Civil War and the Governor felt that these fallen soldiers needed a better resting place. Lincoln had a problem with the people in his country that happened to be in war fighting against each other for the freedom of blacks, which they currently did not have. When Lincoln came to give his speech he had many people on the edge of their seats listening to him word for word. He takes his time in what he says and chooses his words precisely. Some may not apprehend what Lincoln was actually saying whether they were soldiers or people who were mourning the loss of their family members. He wanted to let the families and armed forces know that he's proud of what they have done; although, he may also be marginally disenchanted since his country is fighting against one another. He reveres the se people no matter what side they are on and hopes for the freedom of slaves whil...

ACE Hardware Point of Purchase Observation

Determine the shoppers' decision process. B. Methodology The strength of observation methods lies In â€Å"what It Is†. The subject is not required to recall actions, to answer a questionnaire or to complete a personal Interview. Likewise, the observer Is not In a position to Interpret an answer by an Interviewee. Action is recorded not interpretation. Covert observational research is used. Researchers do not identify themselves. Researchers are either mixing in the subjects undetected, or observing from the distance.This method is used so that the subjects' behavior will not be contaminated by the presence of the researcher. Customers will be observed regardless of whether or not they Interested in certain departments or whether they seemed to be only passing through. All persons, once â€Å"picked up†, will be documented and considered In the analysis even If no purchases are made. The observation location will be focused on the ground floor of ACE Hardware BCC.Resear chers will spread accordingly to the customers movements. The conversion rate of the store will be determined by observing the number of customers coming in only from the main door and customers purchasing at the cashiers of the ground level. Any other activities that take place on the other floor(s) ill not be observed. To avoid biases regarding the elements of the store, researchers will also implement some simple personal interview to the ACE Hardware staffs.By doing so, researchers may interpret the observational data collected more accurately. C. Point of Purchase Observation Things to be observed: Store Measurement Conversion or Closure Rate The amount of time a shopper spends In a store Interception Rate (percentage of customers who have contact with a store employee) Shopping Behavior Departments visited Things seen and touched Things put In the cart Time spent Purchase decision Store Management .Display Location of each departments Products put on the rack at the height the eye level Price tags (is there any differences between products displayed on display table and those on the rack) Differences of products on the height of eye level, above eye level, and under eye level (price, type, colors, shape, etc. ) Products arrangement Lighting b. Store Assistances Employees approach to consumers How to deal with queries and complaints c. In Store Promotion Current promotions Terms and conditions of the promotion Upcoming promotions d. Service Environment Must be available in the service Environment

Punctuation Essay

Punctuation is one of the most important aspects of written English, yet it is one taken the most lightly. And it changes meaning, gives a pause to the reader,and changes the tone of the voice when speaking. In all of the essays authors surprised me.They showed me what punctuations actually is, whats te importance of punctuations. as for example â€Å"Don’t stop† and â€Å"Don’t, stop† do both of them are same? No, just a comma changed full meaning. This is how the essays impressed me. â€Å"The comma is a flashing yellow light that asks us only to slow down† this line has been taken from the essay â€Å"In Priase of the Humble Comma† paragraph no.2 line no.5, this is the line which gives all the description about Comma. Like this in every essays they described each punctuations in this way, which I was hoping to. This essays has changed my view of how to see puntuations. Before I didn’t cared that much about punctuations, but now I got a clear information about punctuations.And I came to know that to convey a correct message and write a good piece of English I must use punctuations. â€Å"The relationship with my father in Winnipeg has became more personal than it had been with the alternating saturday father-son telephone call.Because of its brief nature every single character is an enormous significance.† this lines has been taken from the essay â€Å"The Impotance of Email Punctuation: A Cautionary Tale† paragraph no.2 line no.9, this lines makes me understand that punctuations played a great role to make their son-father relation stronger which serves to an emotional investment. These essays made me felt ’emotionally invested’ because it can grow a stronger relation between two person which is really a important thing in this society and these essays made me understand impotance of punctuation too.

CASE WRITE-UPS Essays - Finance, Money, Economy, Financial Services

CASE WRITE-UPS Essays - Finance, Money, Economy, Financial Services CASE WRITE-UPS Write an executive summary focusing your analysis on the principal issues of the case. The audience is a mid-level executive; time is short and they might not read the whole work, so lead with the meat of your conclusion. Assume your audience is familiar with the companies, principals, and environment: focus on the problem and your solution. Presentation matters, so formal language and no typos. Proof read your work. Please present your solution to the main issue, discuss any key alternatives and why they were rejected, and significant risks involved with the solution (or other unknown factors that could alter the analysis). Length should target one single spaced page, no smaller than 11 pt. font, and certainly be no longer than two pages. If charts or calculations are needed, they may be included as an appendix (only text will count to the page limit, but don't go overboard). Analysing a Strategy Case Study - Some Tips Copyright: Adrian Haberberg and the University of Westminster, 1998 Give yourself time to assimilate a case The longer that a case study is given to "sink in" to your subconscious, the deeper the understanding you will get and the better your answers will be. Read the case material for the first time as soon as you have been allocated it as an assignment or seminar example. Get a general impression: Which organisations and industries does it relate to? Is the organisation doing well or badly now, and how has it performed in the past? Is it a company that has an unbroken record of success? Or a successful company that has fallen on hard times? What are the main issues and choices confronting the company? Is it in an expanding industry, or a maturing one? Are customer needs changing? Does the firm confront a variety of opportunities? Or is there a particular business decision which the case is oriented towards? What information is there in the case, as tables and annexes? Analyse thoroughly, and use what you have been learning Put the case aside for a few days before reading it a second time. Then, start to analyse it seriously: Look at the development of the organisation over time. What strategies has it pursued? Which have succeeded and which have failed? Which are the types of environment where it has been able to succeed, and in which types has it had problems? Use the tools and techniques of strategic management theory, to see what insights they give you. What is the nature of the competitive environment? What kind of strategic resources does the organisation have - and which does it lack? How successful has the organisation been - and how do you know? Look carefully at all the tables, annexes and appendices. Why are they there? What information is the case writer trying to get you to get out of them? If there are numerical data in the case - analyse them . What trends over time do they show? What ratios can you use to analyse performance in areas that are important to the organisation ? Then, if you have time, put the case aside again for a day or two, and let all this sink in. You may at this stage like to use SWOT analysis as a framework for a preliminary analysis of your thinking. But beware - SWOT analysis is not sufficiently precise to feature in a good final report. Relate your analysis to the question Now start to relate the analysis to the task or question you h ave been set. What elements of the strategic analysis do you require to carry out the task, and how do they relate to it? Is there further information or analysis that you need? Be logical and critical Think hard about your conclusions and recommendations. Have you really demonstrated them, backing up your reasoning with hard evidence (events and results) from the case study? Have you allowed yourself to be swayed by the opinions of the organisation's own managers? They have a vested interest in showing their actions in the best possible light. You do not have to agree. Do the facts support their claims of success, or their excuses for failure?

Nautilus Facts

Nautilus Facts The chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) is a large, mobile cephalopod which is called a living fossil and has been the subject of poetry, artwork, math, and jewelry. They have even inspired the names of submarines and exercise equipment. These animals have been around for about 500 million years- even before the dinosaurs. Fast Facts: Chambered Nautilus Scientific Name: Nautilus pompiliusCommon Name: Chambered nautilusBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 8–10 inches in diameterWeight: Maximum of 2.8 poundsLifespan: 15–20 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Oceans in the Indo-Pacific regionConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description Nautiluses are invertebrates, cephalopods, and mollusks related to octopus, cuttlefish, and squid. Of all the cephalopods, nautiluses are the only animal to have a visible shell. The shell is not only beautiful, but it also provides protection. The nautilus can withdraw into the shell and seal it closed with a fleshy trapdoor called a hood. Nautilus shells can reach up to 8–10 inches in diameter. They are white on the underside with brown stripes on its upper side. This coloration helps  the nautilus blend into its surroundings. The shell of an adult nautilus contains over 30 chambers which form as the nautilus grows, following a genetically-hardwired shape known as a logarithmic spiral.  The nautiluss soft body is located in the largest, outermost chamber; the remainder of the chambers are ballast tanks that help the nautilus maintain buoyancy. When a nautilus approaches the surface, its chambers fill with gas. A duct called the siphuncle connects the chambers so that, when necessary, the nautilus can flood the chambers with water to make itself sink again. This water enters the mantle cavity and is expelled through a siphon. Chambered nautiluses have many more tentacles  than their squid, octopus and cuttlefish relatives. They have about 90 thin tentacles, which do not have suckers. Squid and cuttlefish have two and octopus have none. Geoff Brightling/Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images Species These several species are in the Nautilidae family, including five species in the genus Nautilus (Nautilus belauensis, N. macromphalus, N. pompilius, N. repertus, and N. stenomphelus) and two species in the genus Allonautilus (Allonautilus perforatus and A.  scrobiculatus). The largest of the species is N. repertus (the emperor nautilus), with a shell measuring from 8 to 10 inches in diameter and soft body parts weighing nearly 2.8 pounds. The smallest is the bellybutton nautilus (N. macromphalus), which only grows 6–7 inches. ​ Allonautilus was recently  re-discovered  in the South Pacific after thought extinct for some 30 years. These animals have a distinctive, fuzzy-looking shell.   Habitat and Distribution Nautilus pompilius is only found in the dimly lit tropical and warm temperate waters of the Indo-Pacific region in southeast Asia and Australia. It is the most widespread of any of the nautiluses and like most of the species, it spends most of the day at depths up to 2,300 feet. At night it migrates slowly up the coral reef slopes to forage for food at about 250 feet deep. Diet and Behavior Nautiluses are primarily scavengers of dead crustaceans, fish, and other organisms, even other nautiluses. However, they do prey on (living) hermit crabs and dig in the soft sediments of the sea floor for small prey pieces. Nautiluses have poor vision with two large but primitive pinhole eyes. Under each eye is a fleshy papilla about a tenth of an inch long called a rhinophore that the nautilus uses to detect its prey. When a dead fish or crustacean is detected by the nautilus, it extends its thin tentacles and swims towards the prey.  The nautilus grips the prey with its tentacles and then rips it into shreds with their beak before passing it to the radula. A nautilus moves by jet propulsion. Water enters the mantle cavity and  is forced out the siphon to propel the nautilus backward, forward, or sideways. Reproduction and Offspring With a lifespan of 15–20 years, nautiluses are the longest-living cephalopods. They take from10 to more than 15 years to become sexually mature. Nautiluses must move into warmer tropical waters to mate, and then they mate sexually when the male transfers his sperm packet to the female using a modified tentacle called a spadix. The female produces between 10 and 20 eggs each year, laying them one at a time, a process that may last throughout the year. It can take up to a year for the eggs to hatch.   Richard Merritt FRPS/Moment/Getty Images Evolutionary History Long before dinosaurs roamed the Earth, giant cephalopods swam in the sea.  The nautilus is the oldest cephalopod ancestor. It hasnt changed much over the last 500 million years, hence the name living fossil.   At first, prehistoric nautiloids had straight shells, but these evolved into a coiled shape. Prehistoric nautiluses had shells up to 10 feet in size. They dominated the seas, as fish hadnt yet evolved to compete with them for prey.  The nautiluss main prey was likely a type of arthropod called the trilobite. Threats None of the nautiluses are listed as threatened or endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, ongoing threats to nautiluses are recognized, including over-harvesting, habitat loss, and climate change.  One climate change-related issue is ocean acidification, which affects the nautiluss ability to build its calcium carbonate-based shell. Nautilus populations in some areas (such as in the Philippines) are declining due to over-fishing.  Nautiluses are caught in baited traps to be sold as live specimens, meat, and shells. Shells are used to make handicrafts, buttons, and jewelry, while the meat is consumed and live animals are collected for aquariums and scientific research.  According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, more than half a  million nautiluses  were  imported into the U.S. from 2005–2008.   Intensive nautilus fisheries are short-lived and devastating to local populations. Within about a decade or two, the locations become commercially nonviable. Nautiluses are especially vulnerable to over-fishing due to their slow development and reproduction rates. Populations also seem to be isolated, with little gene flow between populations and less able to recover from a loss. Although the IUCN has not yet reviewed nautilus for inclusion on the Red List due to lack of data, in January 2017, the entire family of chambered nautiluses (Nautilidae) was listed in the U.S. CITES Appendix II. This means that CITES documentation will be required for import and re-export of these species and items made from them.   Saving the Nautilus To help nautiluses, you can support nautilus research and avoid purchasing products made of a nautilus shell.  These include the shells  themselves as well as pearls and other jewelry made from the nacre from the nautiluss shell.   Westend61/Westend61/Getty Images Sources Aquarium of the Pacific.  Chambered Nautilus.Barord, Gregory J., et al. Comparative Population Assessments of Nautilus Sp. In the Philippines, Australia, Fiji, and American Samoa Using Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems. PLOS One 9.6 (2014): e100799. Print.Broad, William J. Loving the Chambered Nautilus to Death. The New York Times, October 24, 2011.Chambered nautilus. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service International Affairs, 2017.  Daw, Adam and Gregory J. Barord. Aquarium Science: Husbandry of the Nautilus: Aspects of its Biology, Behavior, and Care. Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine, 2007.  Dunstan, Andrew J., Peter D. Ward, and N. Justin Marshall. Vertical Distribution and Migration Patterns of Nautilus Pompilius. PLOS One 6.2 (2011): e16311. Print.Jereb, P., and C. F. E. Robert, eds. Cephalopods of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date. Vol. 1: Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). Rome: Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Applicata al Mare, 2005.   Platt, John R. Should We Stop Selling Nautilus Shells? Scientific American, June 12, 2014.Urton, James. Rare nautilus sighted for the first time in three decades. UW News, University of Washington, August 25, 2015.

Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Project - Assignment Example The payoffs on the covered call position are related to the short put standing, the premium is the same as of the naked put (Kendrick, 2012). General electric trade shows the highest potential yields since it has bid premium of $1.14 that yields 12.23% and GE decreased its dividend to $10 from a high of $31 per quarter. Let’s look at the scenarios of pay offs at GE in a minimum span of six months, One has an alternative of 100 shares at the price of $18.79 and sells the shares in January at $19.00 call at $1.14 per share and after minimum number of days receive $114.00, later on prior to expiration collect $30.00 with almost three times the original expected yield. Is a risk management strategy for investors that involve use of shares and stocks to guard against the unrealized gains loss. It reduces the investor’s possible gain from the security he owns but is also a form of insurance. In the market the GE has provided certain basis from which investors can make proper analysis, example of which we use here. An investor purchased a stock of $12 that now is rated at a worth of $24 but has not put it on sell, the unrealized gains can be rated at $12. The investor can as well purchase a put option for the underlying stock if he still believes that he is not ready to sell but is also keen not to lose the gain of twelve. The investor can be able to increase the put option gain if the prices continue to rise and losses when they fall as illustrated in the graph. An option can be said to be a strategy that is used by investors in trading. It involves a simultaneous purchase and sale of two options that are categorized under the same type but have different expiration dates. The two are sold at different strike prices. The payoffs are shown by the narrowing and albeit, widening of the differences that exists between

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature review - Essay Example Impediments such as the lack of child-care facilities and stores remaining open only during the usual working hours also exist. Child care can be very expensive, and even for those who can afford it, it is hard to find it. Consequently, it is hard for many mothers to return to work after bearing a child as also for working women to shop. To compound matters, part-time jobs are almost non-existent. Gender and work in Germany: Pre and Post Unification The division of Germany had major repercussions in gender equality, specifically in the matter of division of labor in both paid and unpaid work. In the case of East Germany, it needed and expected men as well as women to be paid workers, while in West Germany, the conservative welfare state typically consigned women to unpaid housewifery and men to breadwinning. Consequently, women of East Germany gained better equality in the labor market than women in West Germany. However, in spite of the East German government’s professed comm itment to eliminate gender inequality altogether, employed women failed to attain full gender equality, particularly with regard to occupational integration, earnings, as well as division of labor at home (Rosenfeld et al, 2001). Institutional change and family formation Institutional control over the course of life and the formation of the family remained high under the highly regulative, pro-natalist and communist government in East Germany. The strong regulative nation was abruptly replaced by the establishment of the democratic West German model after a separation that lasted 28 years. After the downfall of the communist regime in East Germany, there was an intensification of economic pressures all over Germany, and more so in the tumult of changeover in East Germany, rather than in the pre-FRG. East German women reacted to the economic confusion as well as insecurities of the process of transition with de-standardized family formation as also a high incidence of alternative fam ily modes, which was in fact according to their secular familial values. A significant part of the East German story is the strong pattern under the extreme institutional control wielded by the communist system, compared to which the de-standardization after reunification remains in stark contrast (Fasang, 2011). On the contrary West Germany underwent a process of re-standardization of family formation. This comprises of either traditional marriage as also motherhood pattern or an interruption of family formation. This schism is motivated by structural difficulties to merge a career as well as a family, tax concessions for the breadwinner of the family and the never-changing conventional family values in West Germany. In the later stages of re-standardization there is a high incidence of cohabitation, the resultant motherhood out of wedlock, as also divorce. Women’s fertility and employment decisions In either part of Germany, the probability of women bearing a first child is correlated negatively, with employment as well as educational achievement. However, with second and third birth risks, the negative correlation flags. In East Germany, virtually every mother goes back to work 18 months after a birth. However, in West Germany, this ratio is a lot smaller and when the child begins nursery school/school, women enter the labour market yet again in higher ratios. These factors indicate a powerful and strong influence of

Marketing DB Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing DB - Coursework Example The reason to move ahead is indeed the atmosphere that one is talking about here. The shopping experience at a retail store becomes more satisfying when the aura and aromas get manifested in the most proper sense. This means that this experience gets better if the aura and aromas are highlighted in a positive fashion – one that suggests immense room for a better retail experience for the end consumer. If the consumers are given a smell that they would like to feel good about, they will definitely visit this retail store (Frazier, 1996). Similarly, if they are welcomed by an activity which is indeed a hallmark of the retail chain, they shall do every effort to be there and thus finish their joyride as well as accomplish their shopping mission. The need is to understand what the consumers want and how they are going to achieve what they have in mind. This suggests that the retail experience needs to be defined and later on re-defined to have a cumulative stance so that the consumers are always at a benefit. The vertical management system is a channel arrangement where one of the channel members might own some of the others and bring upon them its influence which is available in the wake of better power that comes from bargain, contracts and other requirements. The implications and opportunities of this VMS channel arrangement for my company is that it will aim to better the relationships that exist amongst the channel members and allow them to grow beyond the expected returns. This will enable the channel members to bring their best to the fore and give the best price in terms of bargains and so on. Eventually the consumers’ shopping experiences would become better and they will get the best deals and discounts which are available within the related industry. The retail format that is most appropriate for my company since it is CAD and based on a computer is an online model. This will bring immense